Lo que dice Orange sobre los captchas

En el sitio web de Orange sobre accesibilidad web, existe la página CAPTCHA Accessibility:

CAPTCHAs are often problematic, even for savvy users. It is often necessary to undergo several trials before giving the right answer to a CAPTCHA. For some users a CAPTCHA is a no-go, plain and simple. For example a blind user cannot solve a visual CAPTCHA. Even if some sites provide alternatives, like audio CAPTCHAs in addition to visual CAPTCHAs, it actually seldom works. It’s even the first source of difficulty quoted by visually impaired users according to WebAIM’s latest survey at the end of 2017.

La conclusión es que no hay que usar captchas, son un grave problema de accesibilidad.

Y propone como alternativas:

• HoneyPot and Time measuring, two simple techniques to put in place to identify bots.
• Anti-spam and blacklist solutions to remove bot requests.
• A logical or mathematical test, also called textual CAPTCHA.
• An email, SMS or phone verification for reinforced security.

Orange web accessibility guidelines

La compañía Orange tiene el sitio web Orange web accessibility guidelines con información sobre accesibilidad web.

Publicado WCAG 2.1

Ha tardado, WCAG 2.0 era de diciembre de 2008, han pasado 10 años, pero ya hay una nueva versión de las pautas de accesibilidad web que se pueden considerar el estándar internacional de accesibilidad web: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1.

En el blog del W3C tenemos el anuncio de la publicación de WCAG 2.1: WCAG 2.1 IS A W3C RECOMMENDATION.

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 is now a W3C Recommendation. This is an evolution of W3C’s accessibility guidance, including expansion of mobile, low vision, and cognitive and learning provisions. It maintains W3C’s accessibility guidance, while maintaining W3C’s standard of implementable, technology neutral, objectively testable and universally applicable accessibility guidance.

¿Cuáles son las principales novedades?

For users of mobile devices, WCAG 2.1 provides updated guidance including support for user interactions using touch, handling more complex gestures, and for avoiding unintended activation of an interface. For users with low vision, WCAG 2.1 extends contrast requirements to graphics, and introduces new requirements for text and layout customization to support better visual perception of web content and controls. For users with cognitive, language, and learning disabilities, WCAG 2.1 improvements include a requirement to provide information about the specific purpose of input controls, as well as additional requirements to support timeouts due to inactivity. This can help many users better understand web content and how to successfully interact with it.

¿Qué pasará con WCAG 2.0?

WCAG 2.0 remains a W3C Recommendation. It was designed to be a highly stable, technology-agnostic standard, with informative supporting resources. The Working Group has taken care to maintain backwards compatibility of WCAG 2.1 with WCAG 2.0. All the criteria from WCAG 2.0 are included in WCAG 2.1, so web sites that conform to WCAG 2.1 will also conform to WCAG 2.0. As with WCAG 2.0, WCAG 2.1 will be supported by an extensive library of implementation techniques and educational materials, including Understanding WCAG 2.1 and Techniques for WCAG 2.1.

¿Y qué versión deberíamos usar?

W3C encourages organizations and individuals to use WCAG 2.1 in web content and applications, and to consider WCAG 2.1 when updating or developing new policies, in order to better address the needs of more web and mobile users with disabilities.

¿Y cuál es el futuro a corto plazo de WCAG?

WCAG 2.1 provides important and timely guidance but is still only a step—the Working Group expects to develop another dot-release, WCAG 2.2, to expand the new coverage even further. WCAG 2.2 may be developed under a similar timeline and requirements set than WCAG 2.1 was, though we plan to refine the process to address process challenges experienced during the development of WCAG 2.1.

¿Y cuál es el futuro a largo plazo de WCAG?

In addition to a further dot-release of WCAG 2, the Accessibility Guidelines Working Group has been working in parallel on a more major revision to accessibility guidelines, which would not have the same structure as WCAG 2. Beyond web content, these new guidelines are intended to incorporate guidance for user agents and other tools so requirements that depend on tool support are more clear for authors, and address issues of conformance and testability in a different way from WCAG 2. This is a major multi-year project, which is the reason additional updates to WCAG 2 are needed in the meantime.

¿Y qué pasará en España y otros países?

Para eso el W3C no tiene respuesta. El W3C anima a usar la nueva versión, pero las leyes indican que se debe cumplir WCAG 2.0. Incluso, todavía puede quedar algún país con leyes que hagan referencia a WCAG 1.0.

No obstante, como indica el W3C, WCAG 2.1 se ha desarrollado para que sea compatible hacia atrás y se conservan todos los criterios de conformidad de WCAG 2.0. Por tanto, si se desarrolla un sitio web que cumpla WCAG 2.1 también se estará cumpliendo WCAG 2.0.

Consentimiento informado

Según la Wikipedia, el consentimiento informado "es el procedimiento mediante el cual se garantiza que el sujeto ha expresado voluntariamente su intención de participar en la investigación, después de haber comprendido la información que se le ha dado, acerca de los objetivos del estudio, los beneficios, las molestias, los posibles riesgos y las alternativas, sus derechos y responsabilidades".

Cuando se realiza una prueba de usabilidad o accesibilidad con usuarios se debe solicitar a los participantes que firmen un consentimiento informado. Un par de ejemplos de este documento:

• usability.gov: Consent Form (Adult)
• What user researchers ought to know about informed consent

El scroll infinito es malo para la accesibilidad

¿Te gusta esto?

El famoso scroll infinito que se puso de moda hace unos pocos años y que sigue de moda.

¿Útil? A veces.

¿Usable? Pocas veces.

¿Accesible? Casi nunca. En los siguientes artículos te lo explican:

• Automatic infinite scrolling & accessibility
• So You Think You’ve Built a Good Infinite Scroll
• Infinte scroll search-friendly recommendations

Pequeñas cosas que pueden mejorar la accesibilidad de un sitio web

En Small Tweaks That Can Make a Huge Impact on Your Website’s Accessibility explican pequeños cambios que pueden mejorar enormemente la accesibilidad de una página web:

• Document Structure and Semantics
• Get Your Color Contrast Right
• Responsible Text Labels
• Small Typography Tweaks With a Big Impact
• Enhance Keyboard Support
• Don't Rely on Color Alone to Communicate State Changes
• Wrapping Up

Algunos comentarios sobre el daltonismo

Muy interesante todo lo que se cuenta en What my color-blindness taught me about design:

I can tell the difference between green and red most of the time depending on what light I’m under, but I’m pretty sure it’s not the same green and red other people see. The color blindness is typically inherited. After I was diagnosed, my grandpa and uncle from my mom’s side were also diagnosed color blindness (they always were but they didn’t notice). Also, there is no cure for color blindness. This means that I will have to adapt. 

In fact, 8% of all men and 0.5% of all women suffer from color blindness. Although 99% of color blind people suffer from red-green color blindness, they don’t agree on the same colors. For example, I suffer from Deuteranomaly, and it is hard for me to tell violet from blue or yellow from light green; others who suffer from Protanomaly may see red, orange, yellow appear greener. 

Accesibilidad Web: Formularios (2)

Accesibilidad Web: Formularios (1)

HTML y CSS: Accesibilidad para personas con baja visión

Global Accessibility Awareness Day

Hoy se celebra el Global Accessibility Awareness Day:

El 17 de mayo, le invitamos a participar en el Día Mundial para Promover la Concienciación sobre la Accesibilidad Web, conocido en inglés como Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD). Cuando hablamos de la accesibilidad Web nos referimos a el contenido, la navegación y la interacción. El propósito de este día es para hablar, pensar y aprender sobre la accesibilidad de las tecnologías digitales (web, software, dispositivos móviles, etc.) y los diferente tipos de usuarios, incluyendo las personas con discapacidades. La audiencia que queremos atraer para GAAD son las comunidades de diseño, desarrollo, usabilidad y también los que crean, dan forma, apoyan financieramente e influencian la industria de tecnología y su uso. Aunque una persona este interesada en el tema de hacer la tecnología mas accesible y usable para las personas con discapacidades, la realidad es que muchas veces no saben como y donde comenzar. El conomocimento sobra la accesibilidad Web es el primer paso.

Cómo escribir sobre las personas mayores según APA

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition, 2010:

3.16 Age

Age should be reported as part of the description of participants in the Method section. Be specific in providing age ranges; avoid open-ended definitions such as "under 18 years" or "over 65 years." Girl and boy are correct terms for referring to individuals under the age of 12 years. Young man and young woman and female adolescent and male adolescent may be used for individuals aged 13 to 17 years. For persons 18 years and older, use women and men. The terms elderly and senior are not acceptable as nouns; some may consider their use as adjectives pejorative. Generational descriptors such as boomer or baby boomer should not be used unless they are related to a study on this topic. The term older adults is preferred. Age groups may also be described with adjectives. Gerontologists may prefer to use combination terms for older age groups (youngold, old-old, very old, oldest old, and centenarians); provide the specific ages of these groups and use them only as adjectives. Use dementia instead of senility; specify the type of dementia when known (e.g., dementia of the Alzheimer's type). For more references relating to age, see Guidelines for the Evaluation of Dementia and Age-Related Cognitive Decline (APA Presidential Task Force on the Assessment of Age-Consistent Memory Decline and Dementia, 1998) and "Guidelines for Psychological Practice With Older Adults" (APA, 2004; see also www.apastyle.org).

Como escribir sobre las discapacidades según APA

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition, 2010:

3.15 Disabilities

The overall principle for "nonhandicapping" language is to maintain the integrity (worth) of all individuals as human beings. Avoid language that objectifies a person by her or his condition (e.g., autistic, neurotic), that uses pictorial metaphors (e.g., wheelchair bound or confined to a wheelchair), that uses excessive and negative labels (e.g., AIDS victim, brain damaged), or that can be regarded as a slur (e.g., cripple, invalid). Use people-first language, and do not focus on the individual's disabling or chronic condition (e.g., person with paraplegia, youth with autism). Also use people-first language to describe groups of people with disabilities. For instance, say people with intellectual disabilities in contrast to the retarded (University of Kansas, Research and Training Center on Independent Living, 2008).

Avoid euphemisms that are condescending when describing individuals with disabilities (e.g., special, physically challenged, handi-capable). Some people with disabilities consider these terms patronizing and offensive. When writing about populations with disabilities or participants, emphasize both capabilities and concerns to avoid reducing them to a "bundle of deficiencies" (Rappaport, 1977). Do not refer to individuals with disabilities as patients or cases unless the context is within a hospital or clinical setting.

Algunos consejos sobre el uso del atributo title

Muy interesante el artículo The Trials and Tribulations of the Title Attribute.

El primer consejo es "no uses el atributo title". Pero si lo tienes que usar, o lo quieres usar aunque te digan que no lo debes usar, entonces lee este artículo para saber cómo usarlo correctamente.

Global Accessibility Awareness Day el 17 de mayo

El próximo 17 de mayo se celebra el Global Accessibility Awareness Day:

El 17 de mayo, le invitamos a participar en el Día Mundial para Promover la Concienciación sobre la Accesibilidad Web, conocido en inglés como Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD). Cuando hablamos de la accesibilidad Web nos referimos a el contenido, la navegación y la interacción. El propósito de este día es para hablar, pensar y aprender sobre la accesibilidad de las tecnologías digitales (web, software, dispositivos móviles, etc.) y los diferente tipos de usuarios, incluyendo las personas con discapacidades. La audiencia que queremos atraer para GAAD son las comunidades de diseño, desarrollo, usabilidad y también los que crean, dan forma, apoyan financieramente e influencian la industria de tecnología y su uso. Aunque una persona este interesada en el tema de hacer la tecnología mas accesible y usable para las personas con discapacidades, la realidad es que muchas veces no saben como y donde comenzar. El conomocimento sobra la accesibilidad Web es el primer paso.

Uso de Twitter con la vista

Muy interesante el siguiente vídeo que muestra cómo se puede utilizar Twitter con la vista, creo que el sistema que emplea es Irisbond:

pic.twitter.com/Q4J3XOQr5i

— Alberto Moreno (@albertopajariyo) 27 de abril de 2018

Fecha para la próxima normativa sobre accesibilidad de la Unión Europea

En EU Directive on the Accessibility of Public Sector Websites and Mobile Applications podemos leer que la directiva de la Unión Europea que obliga a los estados miembros a asegurar que sus sitios web y sus aplicaciones son accesibles se debe trasponer a la legislación de cada país hasta el 23 se septiembre de 2018:

The European Union (EU) Directive on the Accessibility of Websites and Mobile Applications requires EU member states to make sure their websites and mobile apps meet common accessibility standards. The Directive will be transposed into the laws of each EU member state by September 23 2018.


The Directive uses the four principles of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, requiring that public sector organisations across the EU take steps to make sure their websites are “Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, and Robust”.

The Directive references EN 301 549 as the standard which will enable websites and apps to comply with the law. EN 301 549 is a set of Functional Accessibility requirements broken down into chapters, and chapter 9 on Web Content cites WCAG 2.0 Level AA as the expected standard.

The W3C is close to publishing WCAG 2.1, an update to WCAG 2.0 that introduces many Success Criteria (SC) focused on mobile apps, as well as SC relating to low vision and cognitive disability. The W3C anticipates that WCAG 2.1 will be released in June 2018, and EN 301 549 could be updated to include the new SC introduced in WCAG 2.1.

Once adopted into the laws of each EU member state, the Directive sets a timetable for compliance with the new regulations:

• New public sector websites must conform by September 23 2019
• All public sector websites by September 23 2020
• All public sector mobile apps by June 23 2021

In order to comply with the Directive, public sector organisations will need to monitor the accessibility of their websites and mobile apps, make information from the monitoring available in an accessibility statement, and provide reports to a central authority. These requirements mean that many EU public sector organisations will need to rethink their accessibility strategy in the coming months if they are to be ready when the Directive comes into effect on September 23 2018.

Estadísticas de discapacidad en Estados Unidos

No es reciente, es del año 2012, pero es la información más oficial y actualizada que existe: Nearly 1 in 5 People Have a Disability in the U.S., Census Bureau Reports. Este dato se basa en el censo realizado en EEUU en el año 2010. El censo se realiza cada 10 años, así que habrá que esperar un poco hasta el siguiente.

La nota de prensa dice:

About 56.7 million people — 19 percent of the population — had a disability in 2010, according to a broad definition of disability, with more than half of them reporting the disability was severe, according to a comprehensive report on this population released today by the U.S. Census Bureau.

The report, Americans with Disabilities: 2010, presents estimates of disability status and type and is the first such report with analysis since the Census Bureau published statistics in a similar report about the 2005 population of people with disabilities. According to the report, the total number of people with a disability increased by 2.2 million over the period, but the percentage remained statistically unchanged. Both the number and percentage with a severe disability rose, however. Likewise, the number and percentage needing assistance also both increased.

[..]

The report shows that 41 percent of those age 21 to 64 with any disability were employed, compared with 79 percent of those with no disability. Along with the lower likelihood of having a job came the higher likelihood of experiencing persistent poverty; that is, continuous poverty over a 24-month period. Among people age 15 to 64 with severe disabilities, 10.8 percent experienced persistent poverty; the same was true for 4.9 percent of those with a nonsevere disability and 3.8 percent of those with no disability.

La accesibilidad según las personas con discapacidad

En Accessibility according to actual people with disabilities se incluyen varias respuestas a la siguiente pregunta:

If you have a disability, what’s the hardest thing about browsing the web?

Las respuestas están agrupadas en:

• Lack of captions.
• Motion, animations and cluttered pages.
• Wall of text.
• Small font size.
• Zooming problems.
• Low contrasts and image of text.
• Bright color schemes.
• Relying only on color.
• Mouse-focused sites.
• Too small touch-targets.
• Captchas.

Accessibility acceptance criteria

Un concepto nuevo, "accessibility acceptance criteria", aunque en realidad es muy similar a otros conceptos como "checklist" o "conformance requirements": Improving accessibility with accessibility acceptance criteria.

What are accessibility acceptance criteria?

They are a list of conditions that a user interface must meet to be considered accessible. They help us raise awareness of access needs and maintain accessibility as we iterate. 

Be aware that accessibility acceptance criteria alone won’t make your service accessible – read more guidance on building an accessible service.