Arnautovic nos cuenta que es la primera vez que él ha hecho un test con usuarios con personas que confían en los lectores de pantalla para navegar por la web. Nos cuenta que aprendió mucho sobre su sitio y los elementos que funcionan y los que no. Pero además él aprendió varios aprendizajes sobre los usuarios ciegos que le pueden servir a cualquiera que tenga que hacer un test con usuarios con ellos.
Estos aprendizajes son los siguientes cuatro:
- Sólo porque alguien sea ciego, no significa que sea un experto usando el lector de pantalla
- Ser ciego puede afectar a la inclinación de la gente a aprender nuevas herramientas y tecnologías
- Estar a gusto facilitando con usuarios ciegos
- Los usuarios ciegos son increíbles en crear modelos mentales de los sitios
We thank the community for comments provided on earlier drafts of this document. Your comments have helped us improve our analysis of the state of the art in telling human users apart from their robotic impersonators.
While there are editorial revisions in almost every paragraph of this latest draft, some of the highlights include:
- A new section on Proof of Work;
- A significant rewrite of the section on reCAPTCHA;
To be sure the updated document is as complete as possible, we once again solicit public input on this version. The following questions will help guide your review:
- Two new sections on Turing Tokens and Federated Turing Tokens to discuss recent non-interactive blinded verification approaches which we’ve named “Turing Tokens.”
- Does this document fully capture current problems with CAPTCHA and related systems?
- Are there other CAPTCHA approaches that should be added?
- Are there concerns for certain categories of persons with disabilities that remain unaddressed or insufficiently addressed in this document?
- Are you aware of relevant research or technological development in this area we missed?
- Have we sufficiently addressed CAPTCHA’s problems with internationalization, privacy, and security?
- Is “Turing Tokens” a reasonable name for the blinded verification tokens described in section 3.4? And, is our new visionary section 3.5 based on Turing Tokens clear? Or, should it be its own, separate document?
- Have we mis-characterized anything we discuss?
The concepts of digital accessibility are becoming known and understood by more people every day. As this knowledge gets implemented by a growing number of individuals and companies, some people who were historically excluded from equal access to online information can now consume and contribute to digital experiences more fully — when those experiences are built with their needs and methods of interacting with the material in mind. One too-often-overlooked area of web accessibility is creating content that may be easier for people with dyslexia to understand.
In 2017, the Accessibility Team at the Government Digital Service (GDS) created accessibility personas to highlight common barriers faced by people with particular conditions and provide tips on how to design for them.
These user profiles are used by teams such as user researchers and developers to create services that are accessible to all. For instance, there is a persona for Pawel, a user with Asperger’s and one for Simone, a dyslexic user.
While personas can be a great tool by themselves, we wanted to let people experience the web as that user. So, we created login profiles for each persona. These login profiles simulate the user’s condition and the tools he or she may be using to help with that condition.
After testing on different devices, we found that Chromebooks were the most successful device on which to use our accessibility persona logins. We explain why in more detail further down.
Not everyone uses a mouse to browse the internet. If you’re reading this post on a smartphone, this is obvious! What’s also worth pointing out is that there are other forms of input that people use to get things done. With these forms of input comes the need for focus styles.
People are complicated. We don’t necessarily perform the same behaviors consistently, nor do we always make decisions that make sense from an outsider’s perspective. Sometimes we even do something just to… do something. We get bored easily: tinkering, poking, and prodding things to customize them to better suit our needs, regardless of their original intent.
People are also mortal. We can get sick and injured. Sometimes both at once. Sometimes it’s for a little while, sometimes it’s permanent. Regardless, it means that sometimes we’re unable to do things we want or need to do in the way we’re used to.
People also live in the world. Sometimes we’re put into an environment where external factors conspire to prevent us from doing something the way that we’re accustomed to doing it. Ever been stuck at your parents’ house during the holidays and had to use their ancient-yet-still-serviceable desktop computer? It’s like that.
Subtitles are primarily intended to serve viewers with loss of hearing, but they are used by a wide range of people: around 10% of broadcast viewers use subtitles regularly, increasing to 35% for some online content. The majority of these viewers are not hard of hearing.
This document describes 'closed' subtitles only, also known as 'closed captions'. Typically delivered as a separate file, closed subtitles can be switched off by the user and are not 'burnt in' to the image.
The Subtitle Guidelines describe best practice for authoring subtitles and provide instructions for making subtitle files for the BBC. This document brings together documents previously published by Ofcom and the BBC and is intended to serve as the basis for all subtitle work across the BBC: prepared and live, online and broadcast, internal and supplied.
If you can use a native HTML element [HTML51] or attribute with the semantics and behavior you require already built in, instead of re-purposing an element and adding an ARIA role, state or property to make it accessible, then do so.
Under what circumstances may this not be possible?
- If the feature is available in HTML [HTML51] but it is not implemented or it is implemented, but accessibility support is not.
- If the visual design constraints rule out the use of a particular native element, because the element cannot be styled as required.
- If the feature is not currently available in HTML.
It should be universally understood that automated testing tools cannot offer complete test coverage for all possible accessibility issues on the web. Therefore it stands to reason that if you cannot automatically find all your site’s accessibility issues, you certainly cannot automatically fix all of them, either. This is extraordinarily simple logic. In fact, automatically fixing issues is even less likely to be successful than finding them. This fact is demonstrated within Mallet. While Mallet is extremely good at finding & fixing some issues, it is still limited to around 2-dozen types of ‘fixes’ that work on their own without any configuration. The remainder of Mallet’s fixes require some level of configuration. To put this into perspective, Tenon.io has approximately 200 accessibility tests that look for around 2500 different failure conditions. In other words, we can easily find at least 10x as many issues as we can reliably fix, because fixing the issues requires far more knowledge about the user interface than an automated tool has.Y también dice:
As always, it is important to remind the reader that there are limits to what can be discovered with automatic testing. It stands to reason that if you cannot automatically test for something you definitely cannot fix it, either.
- Captions/ transcripts for audio-only content or audio content in videos.
- Audio description for video content
- Content that relies on sensory characteristics to understand
- Audio control
- Keyboard trap
- Pause, Stop, Hide
- Error prevention and error handling
- Effective focus management
The above is only a subset of the many things in web accessibility that cannot be accurately tested via automated means. Many of them are hugely impactful for people with disabilities.
- Reading level
Ninety-three percent of people with disabilities don’t use a wheelchair, even though the universal symbol that identifies this group is a person in a wheelchair. Liam Riddler, a creative at London’s McCann office, points to his brother, who suffers from Crohn’s disease–a condition that causes inflammation of the digestive tract, potentially causing pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition. It’s an invisible disability: Nobody would know about it by looking at him. Most people don’t understand why he may need to use accessible toilets or take advantage of priority seating.
Public ignorance of these invisible disabilities and the discrimination that results is what prompted Riddler and his colleague–McCann London’s deputy of art Lisa Carrana–to ask an obvious but difficult question: Do we need other symbols for people with invisible disabilities?
Riddler doesn’t claim to have an answer, but he and Carrana want to spur discussion around the issue with a project they have titled Visability93. Half provocation and half an effort to distill the graphical essence of these disabilities, the project is a crowdsourced competition that asks designers to submit their ideas about how to best graphically represent people with different invisible disabilities using individual symbols. So far they have 29 new icons (which you can download as a typeface here) that range from mental illnesses like anxiety, bipolar disorder, or depression, to physical conditions like asthma, arthritis, or diabetes. They’re using them in posters to raise awareness–and starting to imagine how they could potentially be applied in public to remind people that not all disabilities are visible.
Estimado Prof. Sergio Luján Mora, en nuestra facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina, estamos implementado un política de accesibilidad en diversos ámbitos y me gustaría que me aconseje en el dictado de clases con alumnos con hipoacusia, pensé en pedirle al docente dictante que utilice un micrófono inalambrico conectado a una notebook conectada a internet y utilizar el Speechnotes o similar.
Las docentes de la cátedra suben la Bibliografía y el material de estudio al aula virtual con antelación a la clase.
El texto producto de lo que habla el docente se proyectaría en pantalla. Cúales serían sus consejos o recomendaciones acerca de:
a) modelo de micrófono:
b) software a utilzar, ¿ es bueno tener un software de pago como respaldo en caso de problemas de conexión con internet?, ¿cúal?
c) estragia didáctica:
espero su valiosa colaboración
saludos cordiales
The World Wide Web Consortium today announced the release of the "Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0" specification as a W3C Recommendation. As a W3C Recommendation, the specification is stable, contributes to the universality of the Web, and has been reviewed by the W3C Membership who recommend it as the means for making Web sites accessible. W3C encourages information providers to raise their level of accessibility using this Recommendation.Un paso fundamental para el desarrollo de WCAG fue la creación de la Web Accessibility Initiative el 22 de octubre de 1997, como podemos leer en World Wide Web Consortium Launches International Program Office for Web Accessibility Initiative:
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) today announced the launch of the International Program Office (IPO) for the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) to promote and achieve Web functionality for people with disabilities. "The power of the Web is in its universality. Access by everyone regardless of disability is an essential aspect," said Tim Berners-Lee, W3C Director and inventor of the World Wide Web. "The IPO will ensure the Web can be accessed through different combinations of senses and physical capabilities just as other W3C activities ensure its operation across different hardware and software platforms, media, cultures and countries."Más información sobre este aniversario en:
Closed captioning is a relatively recent development in the history of broadcasting, and it was designed with the hearing impaired in mind. According to a useful history on the National Captioning Institute’s (NCI) website, the technology dates back to the early 1970s, when Julia Child’s The French Chef “made history as the first television program accessible to deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers.” Real-time captioning arrived later, with stenographers typing at a blazing 250 words-per-minute to keep up with live news and sporting events.
If it wasn’t for the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010 and additional rules adopted by the FCC in 2012, it’s unlikely my daughter’s IP-based Netflix streaming content would even have closed captioning options today.
While the NCI doesn’t explicitly acknowledge the growing use of closed captioning by those without hearing impairments, it does note that “closed captioning has grown from an experimental service intended only for people who are deaf to a truly global communications service that touches the lives of millions of people every day in vital ways.”
It’s certainly not just a phenomenon for young people. There are many people my age who admit to using them because they have some middle-aged hearing loss or simply need help understanding what the characters on Luther or Peaky Blinders are saying. They use captions to focus more intently on the content.
The need to read captions for what you can hear might even have a biological base. According to Dr. Sudeepta Varma, a psychiatrist at New York University’s Langone Medical Center, some people may have trouble processing the audio from television.
The HTML specification describes six heading elements: h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6. The number in each of these heading elements reflects its priority, with h1 being the most general and h6 being the most specific.
This is an important thing to know! WebAIM’s 2017 Screen Reader survey tells us that navigating via headings is the most important way people who rely on assistive technology locate information. Because of this, it’s important to craft your website’s headings properly.
La profesora titular de Derecho Civil de la Universidad de Granada y patrona de la Fundación Derecho y Discapacidad, Esperanza Alcaín, ha señalado este lunes que “las administraciones no solo están obligadas a implementar la normativa en materia de accesibilidad de páginas webs y aplicaciones móviles del sector público, sino que también tienen que exigir su cumplimiento a toda la sociedad”.
Así se ha manifestado esta experta durante la presentación de una guía jurídica y técnica de orientación para el cumplimiento del Real Decreto 1112/2018, de 7 de septiembre, con el que se incorpora al ordenamiento jurídico español la Directiva (UE) 2016/2102, del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 26 de octubre de 2016, sobre la accesibilidad de los sitios web y aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles de los organismos del sector público, que incluye la Administración General del Estado, administraciones autonómicas y locales, las entidades públicas y privadas dependientes de ellas, las universidades públicas, la Administración de Justicia, el Congreso de los Diputados, el Senado, el Consejo de Estado, el Consejo Económico y Social, el Consejo General del Poder Judicial, el Tribunal Constitucional, el Tribunal de Cuentas, el Defensor del Pueblo y el Banco de España, entre otros.
"I believe that losing my hearing was one of the greatest gifts I've ever received," says Elise Roy. As a disability rights lawyer and design thinker, she knows that being Deaf gives her a unique way of experiencing and reframing the world -- a perspective that could solve some of our largest problems. As she says: "When we design for disability first, you often stumble upon solutions that are better than those when we design for the norm."
Ciegos, gitanos, musulmanes, negros, obesos, religiosos, transexuales, parados de larga duración, personas con Asperger, de baja estatura, síndrome de Down, en silla de ruedas... Doce colectivos marginados responden a preguntas anónimas ante la cámara en un tono desenfadado, sin dramatismo y con humor, para combatir los prejuicios y la discriminación.Hay un vídeo sobre las personas ciegas:
There were multiple difficulties noted. The key issues were:
- Insufficiently labelled input fields (meaning screenreaders are left unsure of what information is needed in the boxes they're asked to enter information into)
- Links with identical text, that lead to different locations. While this is not a failure of WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines), it is not good practise.
- Dynamic content not made accessible to screenreader users, e.g. auto-suggest search results
Further difficulties noted in the complaint were:
- Unable to browse and purchase electronics such as the iPhone, iPad, and MacBook Pro laptop
- Inability to make service appointments online
- Trouble finding a store
A blog trying to be a pattern library. All about designing inclusive web interfaces, piece by piece.
Web site accessibility is a serious civil rights concern that has historically been difficult to measure and to establish success criteria for. By conducting automated accessibility analyses via the WAVE tool, we calculated accessibility norms of a statistically appropriate, random sample of K–12 school Web sites across the U.S. (n = 6,226) and merged results with national datasets to determine how school demographics influence accessibility. Results indicated that schools across all demographic groups generally struggle to make their Web sites fully accessible to their universe of diverse users and revealed that the concrete, highest-impact steps that schools nationwide need to take to improve accessibility include improving poor contrast between text and backgrounds, providing alternative text to images and other visual elements, and labeling form controls.
