Screen Reader
|
Points
|
Percentage
|
JAWS
|
85.5
|
93%
|
HAL
|
85.5
|
93%
|
NVDA
|
69
|
75%
|
VoiceOver
|
58
|
63%
|
Orca
|
54
|
59%
|
La ONCE pone a disposición de 285 millones de personas ciegas del mundo su biblioteca digital, compuesta por más de 60.000 volúmenes, en una iniciativa sin parangón internacional, dado que supone la mayor puesta a disposición del mundo de textos accesibles en lengua castellana.Se supone que los libros estarán disponibles en marrakech.once.es, pero ahora mismo solo hay una página con un formulario para iniciar sesión, sin información sobre cómo registrarse.
[...]
España, representada por la ONCE, se convierte así en el primer país europeo que materializa el Tratado de Marrakech y pone a disposición de usuarios y entidades autorizadas de todo el mundo su acervo bibliográfico adaptado y accesible a personas ciegas o con deficiencia visual de todo el mundo. Para ello, la Organización española acaba de poner en marcha una web que permitirá a usuarios de todo el mundo acceder a esta información cumpliendo una serie de requisitos marcados por el citado tratado de Marrakech y por la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI), que garantizan el correcto uso de los textos disponibles.
conocido oficialmente como «Tratado de Marrakech para facilitar el acceso a las obras publicadas a las personas ciegas, con discapacidad visual o con otras dificultades para acceder al texto impreso», es un tratado multilateral impulsado por la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI), que fue firmado en Marrakech, Marruecos, el 28 de junio de 2013. Este tratado entró en vigor a partir del 30 de septiembre de 2016.
El tratado de Marrakech hace referencia a las excepciones al derecho de autor, que posibilitan la creación de versiones accesibles de obras protegidas, a personas con discapacidades que impliquen dificultades de acceso a la lectura convencional. Este instrumento establece una serie de normas para que los países que forman parte de la Organización Mundial de Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI), ratifiquen el tratado e implementen excepciones en sus legislaciones locales, tanto para la creación como para la importación y exportación de obras en formatos accesibles. Así mismo,los países que hayan ratificado el Tratado tendrán la potestad de intercambiar documentos en formatos accesibles entre ellos.Más información en El Tratado de Marrakech explicado.
Ignacio Benítez, sordo de nacimiento, se llevó una alegría al conocer que Openbank podría informarle de las condiciones de una hipoteca a través de un chat de WhatsApp. "A lo largo de mis 34 años he sido discriminado muchas veces, por lo que esta opción me pareció una buena forma de romper barreras y de acceder por mí mismo a un servicio sin necesidad de que mediase un intérprete", comenta a EL PAÍS RETINA a través de SVIsual, una aplicación que posibilita comunicaciones telefónicas entre personas con discapacidad auditiva y oyentes. Pero tras un breve intercambio de mensajes de texto el pasado seis de septiembre, el agente de Openbank finalizó la conversación con el siguiente mensaje: "Perdona, Ignacio. He consultado la situación y te informo de que, por política comercial, no podemos abrir cuentas a personas con sorderas agudas o totales, ya que no tenemos la posibilidad de una comunicación telefónica, clave en la relación con Openbank".
Benítez, que forma parte del Comité de Diversidad e Inclusión de Accenture, se quedó "alucinado e impotente" ante ese trato que considera "superofensivo". Tras escribir a distintas asociaciones de usuarios para reclamar sus derechos, compartió su experiencia en las redes sociales y ese mismo día el asunto llegó hasta Ezequiel Szafir, CEO de Openbank, quien enseguida contactó directamente con el afectado para pedirle disculpas y manifestarle su "vergüenza" ante la respuesta "errónea" de su compañía, que no sigue ninguna política comercial como la indicada en el mensaje de WhatsApp. "Es una contestación aberrante debida a un error humano. Rarísimo, violentamente innecesario. No sabemos por qué el compañero del call center respondió así, porque precisamente al ser 100% digital somos el banco perfecto para Ignacio, que puede abrir una cuenta desde internet sin necesidad de hablar con nadie. La tecnología sirve para tirar abajo barreras y nosotros lo demostramos", comenta Szafir a EL PAÍS RETINA.
En España, el 26,2% de las personas con discapacidad afirma que ésta le impide el uso de internet, según el Observatorio estatal de la discapacidad.
Why You Should Know How a Screen Reader Works If You Are Sighted
With a near perfect (either corrected or not) vision, you might never feel the need to use a screen reader when browsing the internet. So obviously, there's no need for you to understand how screen readers work or how to use one, is there?
As a person who develops sites and applications on the web, it might already be second nature to you to make sure that the websites that you're building work as expected for your users. Checking that a web app runs fine for different user flows or that its design looks as expected across a range of browsers is crucial and might already be part of your daily routine at work when delivering a feature. Now imagine how difficult it would be to deliver a bug fix for a misaligned navigation bar on a site without having a single glance at your screen. The visual check turns out to be important to confirm that your fix for this styling bug addresses the issue, is functional and works fine in different browsers.
Thinking about bugs that concern accessibility, is there any valid reason why a functional check would not be needed to address issues and provide valid bug fixes? Manually testing the accessibility of the websites you're building is insightful and can be the most valuable confirmation that the patches you deliver to improve its usability actually work just as expected.
To be able to manually test websites for accessibility concerns, getting familiar with the basics of screen readers is essential to understand how users of assistive technology experience your site.
The float label pattern works by having the label start off inside the input (just like placeholders do). But onfocus or when the user starts typing, the label moves above the input.
While this is better than supplanting labels with placeholders, this seductive, novel and space-saving technique is problematic for a number of reasons.
There are generally two things that contribute to this:Los ejemplos tratados son:
- thinking that using code, all the code, is the best way to make something accessible, and
- not testing with users who have disabilities.
La ONCE y la Fundación Vodafone España lanzan la aplicación móvil AudescMobile que permite a las personas con discapacidad visual acceder a la audiodescripción de las películas, series, etc., y en general facilitar la accesibilidad a cualquier producción audiovisual.
La aplicación ha sido desarrollada por la empresa S-Dos con el apoyo del Centro de Investigación, Desarrollo y Aplicación Tiflotécnica (CIDAT) de la ONCE y la Fundación Vodafone España.
La solución ofrece de forma fácil y ubicua la audiodescripción en un dispositivo móvil y permite su reproducción de forma sincronizada con un vídeo en curso independientemente del medio audiovisual: cine, televisión, Internet, DVD, etc. Esta sincronización se realiza basándose únicamente en el audio del título que se está reproduciendo, independientemente de la plataforma física sobre la que se emite.
Por otro lado, desde el punto de vista del usuario final, es de especial relevancia el hecho de que el acceso a la audiodescripción se pueda realizar desde su dispositivo móvil, sin necesidad de proveer al usuario de ningún otro dispositivo adicional para disfrutar de manera accesible a las producciones audiovisuales.
An icon button is an icon that triggers some sort of action on the page. More accurately, technically speaking, an icon button is a button that contains an icon and no (visible) accompanying text. These buttons can be found in the majority of app and user interfaces today. The infamous hamburger menu button is a great example of such buttons when not visually labelled “Menu”.
Putting aside the UX side of the coin and whether or not an icon alone is enough to convey meaning and functionality to users, many implementations of these buttons today lack the proper accessibility that makes them meaningful to users of assistive technologies.
While the seemingly popular aria-label is a perfectly valid way to add an accessible name to a button (and/or other components), it is certainly not the only way, let alone the best. You could always just put text in it, for example. But what if the designer or the UI enforces the absence of visual text next to an icon?
There is a handful of ways that an icon button can be implemented accessibly. This article is an overview of them all.
Calendar controls, date pickers, date widgets, whatever you call them, however they are described, they follow the same basic principle — present the user with a calendar to enter a date (and sometimes a time).
The native implementations come from browsers when authors use <input type="date">. Usually a calendar grid, but sometimes built to look like a broken slot-machine or configurable date rubber stamp that your accountant uses.
Frameworks and libraries offer their own take on date pickers, with many more options from third-party developers. These appeal to developers who want control over the visual style, and sometimes function, of the date picker. Particularly developers who want to avoid a different experience across browsers.
The problem is that nearly every implementation of a date picker is a barrier for some set of users. I can comfortably say every one that I have seen is a problem, though perhaps there is a wonderfully robust one somewhere. Even the ARIA Authoring Practices, which is more comfortable with imperfect patterns, has not deigned to create a date picker.
When people talk about "accessible" PDF files, they are usually referring to "tagged" PDF files. PDF tags provide a hidden, structured representation of the PDF content that is presented to screen readers. They exist for accessibility purposes only and have no visible effect on the PDF file. There is more to an accessible PDF file than tags, but an untagged PDF would not be considered "accessible".
HTML tags and PDF tags often use similar tag names (e.g., both have tags named h1) and organization structures. If you are comfortable with HTML, you will probably have an easier time creating and editing tagged PDF files, but knowledge of HTML is not necessary.
Snapstreaks, YouTube autoplay, and endless scrolling are all coming under fire from a new bill, which is sponsored by Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO), targeting the tech industry’s “addictive” design.
Hawley’s Social Media Addiction Reduction Technology Act, or the SMART Act, would ban these features that work to keep users on platforms longer, along with others, like Snapstreaks, that incentivize the continued use of these products. If approved, the Federal Trade Commission and Health and Human Services could create similar rules that would expire after three years unless Congress codified them into law.
“Big tech has embraced a business model of addiction,” Hawley said. “Too much of the ‘innovation’ in this space is designed not to create better products, but to capture more attention by using psychological tricks that make it difficult to look away.”
La Oficina de Atención a la Discapacidad, tiene competencias para:Entonces ¿qué hay que hacer? Ramón Corominas y José Ángel Carrey explican:
- Analizar las denuncias exclusivamente de competencia estatal.
- Asimismo, es competente en las actuaciones previas a la instrucción del expediente para analizar las denuncias y remitir a la Dirección General de Políticas de Apoyo a la Discapacidad el correspondiente informe.
3. Presentar una denuncia
Puedes plantear una denuncia, para que se sancione a la empresa u organismo infractor de las normas de accesibilidad, y se le obligue a cumplirlas.
Para efectuarla puedes usar el formulario oficial que encontrarás en web de infracciones y sanciones.
La presentación de esta denuncia no es posible realizarla de forma telemática, la tendrás que remitir firmada por correo postal a la siguiente dirección:
Dirección General de Políticas de Apoyo a la Discapacidad.
Paseo de la Castellana, 67, 28071 Madrid.
Procedimiento sancionador.
Una vez recibida, te asignarán un número de procedimiento.
La subdirección General de Coordinación de políticas de discapacidad, previo informe de la Oficina de Atención a la Discapacidad, iniciará la instrucción del procedimiento sancionador, y a su término, será la dirección general antes citada, o el Ministro de Sanidad, en función de la gravedad de las sanciones a aplicar, quien impondrá la sanción.
El Comité Español de Representantes de Personas con Discapacidad (Cermi) ha remitido un informe al Consejo de Derechos Humanos de Naciones Unidas en el que explica la evolución de la protección de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad en el Estado español desde el año 2015.
Este informe fue elaborado por el Cermi ante el próximo Examen Periódico Universal (EPU) al que será sometido España por el Consejo de Derechos Humanos de la ONU, con el fin de hacer un relato evolutivo de la situación de los derechos humanos de las personas con discapacidad en los últimos cuatro años.
Según informó el Cermi, el documento fue elevado también al Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación, para que conste al Ejecutivo español la posición de la sociedad civil en esta materia.
El Cermi, que fue nombrado en 2011 mecanismo independiente de seguimiento de la aplicación de la Convención en España, parte en su informe de las observaciones que el Consejo de Derechos Humanos realizó a España en su anterior examen (2015), así como de las recomendaciones realizadas por el Comité de Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de Naciones Unidas (2019), el Comité del Pacto de los Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales y el Comité de los Derechos del Niño (2018).
Audio description (AD) is a track of narration describing important visual elements of a film, television show or live performance delivered between lines of dialogue to make it accessible to audiences who are blind or vision impaired.El artículo enlazado es Pioneering audio description: an interview with Jorge Arandes, en el que podemos leer:
The first instance of AD can be traced back to a radio DJ describing cinema in 1940s Spain, and it is now in widespread use on television internationally.
Arnautovic nos cuenta que es la primera vez que él ha hecho un test con usuarios con personas que confían en los lectores de pantalla para navegar por la web. Nos cuenta que aprendió mucho sobre su sitio y los elementos que funcionan y los que no. Pero además él aprendió varios aprendizajes sobre los usuarios ciegos que le pueden servir a cualquiera que tenga que hacer un test con usuarios con ellos.
Estos aprendizajes son los siguientes cuatro:
- Sólo porque alguien sea ciego, no significa que sea un experto usando el lector de pantalla
- Ser ciego puede afectar a la inclinación de la gente a aprender nuevas herramientas y tecnologías
- Estar a gusto facilitando con usuarios ciegos
- Los usuarios ciegos son increíbles en crear modelos mentales de los sitios
We thank the community for comments provided on earlier drafts of this document. Your comments have helped us improve our analysis of the state of the art in telling human users apart from their robotic impersonators.
While there are editorial revisions in almost every paragraph of this latest draft, some of the highlights include:
- A new section on Proof of Work;
- A significant rewrite of the section on reCAPTCHA;
To be sure the updated document is as complete as possible, we once again solicit public input on this version. The following questions will help guide your review:
- Two new sections on Turing Tokens and Federated Turing Tokens to discuss recent non-interactive blinded verification approaches which we’ve named “Turing Tokens.”
- Does this document fully capture current problems with CAPTCHA and related systems?
- Are there other CAPTCHA approaches that should be added?
- Are there concerns for certain categories of persons with disabilities that remain unaddressed or insufficiently addressed in this document?
- Are you aware of relevant research or technological development in this area we missed?
- Have we sufficiently addressed CAPTCHA’s problems with internationalization, privacy, and security?
- Is “Turing Tokens” a reasonable name for the blinded verification tokens described in section 3.4? And, is our new visionary section 3.5 based on Turing Tokens clear? Or, should it be its own, separate document?
- Have we mis-characterized anything we discuss?
The concepts of digital accessibility are becoming known and understood by more people every day. As this knowledge gets implemented by a growing number of individuals and companies, some people who were historically excluded from equal access to online information can now consume and contribute to digital experiences more fully — when those experiences are built with their needs and methods of interacting with the material in mind. One too-often-overlooked area of web accessibility is creating content that may be easier for people with dyslexia to understand.
In 2017, the Accessibility Team at the Government Digital Service (GDS) created accessibility personas to highlight common barriers faced by people with particular conditions and provide tips on how to design for them.
These user profiles are used by teams such as user researchers and developers to create services that are accessible to all. For instance, there is a persona for Pawel, a user with Asperger’s and one for Simone, a dyslexic user.
While personas can be a great tool by themselves, we wanted to let people experience the web as that user. So, we created login profiles for each persona. These login profiles simulate the user’s condition and the tools he or she may be using to help with that condition.
After testing on different devices, we found that Chromebooks were the most successful device on which to use our accessibility persona logins. We explain why in more detail further down.
Not everyone uses a mouse to browse the internet. If you’re reading this post on a smartphone, this is obvious! What’s also worth pointing out is that there are other forms of input that people use to get things done. With these forms of input comes the need for focus styles.
People are complicated. We don’t necessarily perform the same behaviors consistently, nor do we always make decisions that make sense from an outsider’s perspective. Sometimes we even do something just to… do something. We get bored easily: tinkering, poking, and prodding things to customize them to better suit our needs, regardless of their original intent.
People are also mortal. We can get sick and injured. Sometimes both at once. Sometimes it’s for a little while, sometimes it’s permanent. Regardless, it means that sometimes we’re unable to do things we want or need to do in the way we’re used to.
People also live in the world. Sometimes we’re put into an environment where external factors conspire to prevent us from doing something the way that we’re accustomed to doing it. Ever been stuck at your parents’ house during the holidays and had to use their ancient-yet-still-serviceable desktop computer? It’s like that.
Subtitles are primarily intended to serve viewers with loss of hearing, but they are used by a wide range of people: around 10% of broadcast viewers use subtitles regularly, increasing to 35% for some online content. The majority of these viewers are not hard of hearing.
This document describes 'closed' subtitles only, also known as 'closed captions'. Typically delivered as a separate file, closed subtitles can be switched off by the user and are not 'burnt in' to the image.
The Subtitle Guidelines describe best practice for authoring subtitles and provide instructions for making subtitle files for the BBC. This document brings together documents previously published by Ofcom and the BBC and is intended to serve as the basis for all subtitle work across the BBC: prepared and live, online and broadcast, internal and supplied.
If you can use a native HTML element [HTML51] or attribute with the semantics and behavior you require already built in, instead of re-purposing an element and adding an ARIA role, state or property to make it accessible, then do so.
Under what circumstances may this not be possible?
- If the feature is available in HTML [HTML51] but it is not implemented or it is implemented, but accessibility support is not.
- If the visual design constraints rule out the use of a particular native element, because the element cannot be styled as required.
- If the feature is not currently available in HTML.
It should be universally understood that automated testing tools cannot offer complete test coverage for all possible accessibility issues on the web. Therefore it stands to reason that if you cannot automatically find all your site’s accessibility issues, you certainly cannot automatically fix all of them, either. This is extraordinarily simple logic. In fact, automatically fixing issues is even less likely to be successful than finding them. This fact is demonstrated within Mallet. While Mallet is extremely good at finding & fixing some issues, it is still limited to around 2-dozen types of ‘fixes’ that work on their own without any configuration. The remainder of Mallet’s fixes require some level of configuration. To put this into perspective, Tenon.io has approximately 200 accessibility tests that look for around 2500 different failure conditions. In other words, we can easily find at least 10x as many issues as we can reliably fix, because fixing the issues requires far more knowledge about the user interface than an automated tool has.Y también dice:
As always, it is important to remind the reader that there are limits to what can be discovered with automatic testing. It stands to reason that if you cannot automatically test for something you definitely cannot fix it, either.
- Captions/ transcripts for audio-only content or audio content in videos.
- Audio description for video content
- Content that relies on sensory characteristics to understand
- Audio control
- Keyboard trap
- Pause, Stop, Hide
- Error prevention and error handling
- Effective focus management
The above is only a subset of the many things in web accessibility that cannot be accurately tested via automated means. Many of them are hugely impactful for people with disabilities.
- Reading level
Ninety-three percent of people with disabilities don’t use a wheelchair, even though the universal symbol that identifies this group is a person in a wheelchair. Liam Riddler, a creative at London’s McCann office, points to his brother, who suffers from Crohn’s disease–a condition that causes inflammation of the digestive tract, potentially causing pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and malnutrition. It’s an invisible disability: Nobody would know about it by looking at him. Most people don’t understand why he may need to use accessible toilets or take advantage of priority seating.
Public ignorance of these invisible disabilities and the discrimination that results is what prompted Riddler and his colleague–McCann London’s deputy of art Lisa Carrana–to ask an obvious but difficult question: Do we need other symbols for people with invisible disabilities?
Riddler doesn’t claim to have an answer, but he and Carrana want to spur discussion around the issue with a project they have titled Visability93. Half provocation and half an effort to distill the graphical essence of these disabilities, the project is a crowdsourced competition that asks designers to submit their ideas about how to best graphically represent people with different invisible disabilities using individual symbols. So far they have 29 new icons (which you can download as a typeface here) that range from mental illnesses like anxiety, bipolar disorder, or depression, to physical conditions like asthma, arthritis, or diabetes. They’re using them in posters to raise awareness–and starting to imagine how they could potentially be applied in public to remind people that not all disabilities are visible.
